а) $$\frac{3a+12b}{6ab} = \frac{3(a+4b)}{6ab} = \frac{a+4b}{2ab}$$
в) $$\frac{2a-4}{a^2-2a} = \frac{2(a-2)}{a(a-2)} = \frac{2}{a}$$
д) $$\frac{a-3b}{a^2-3ab} = \frac{a-3b}{a(a-3b)} = \frac{1}{a}$$