a) $$81x^3 - x = x(81x^2 - 1) = x((9x)^2 - 1^2) = x(9x-1)(9x+1)$$
Ответ: $$x(9x-1)(9x+1)$$
б) $$3y^2 - 30y + 75 = 3(y^2 - 10y + 25) = 3(y-5)^2$$
Ответ: $$3(y-5)^2$$
в) $$x - y - 2x^2 + 2y^2 = (x-y) - 2(x^2 - y^2) = (x-y) - 2(x-y)(x+y) = (x-y)(1-2(x+y)) = (x-y)(1-2x-2y)$$
Ответ: $$(x-y)(1-2x-2y)$$