a) 4x² - 8xy + 4y² = 4(x² - 2xy + y²) = 4(x - y)²
б) a²b + 8ab + 16b = b(a² + 8a + 16) = b(a + 4)²
в) 3ab + 15b + 4a + 20 = 3b(a + 5) + 4(a + 5) = (3b + 4)(a + 5)
г) x³ + 2x² - x - 2 = x²(x + 2) - 1(x + 2) = (x² - 1)(x + 2) = (x - 1)(x + 1)(x + 2)