Решение:
- \( x^4 - 16 = (x^2)^2 - 4^2 = (x^2 - 4)(x^2 + 4) = (x-2)(x+2)(x^2+4) \)
- \( y^8 - 1 = (y^4)^2 - 1^2 = (y^4 - 1)(y^4 + 1) = (y^2 - 1)(y^2 + 1)(y^4 + 1) = (y-1)(y+1)(y^2+1)(y^4+1) \)
Ответ: 1) \( (x-2)(x+2)(x^2+4) \); 2) \( (y-1)(y+1)(y^2+1)(y^4+1) \).