2. 1. Decide the types of borrowings: mother-tongue, wall newspaper, propaganda, pioneer, ballet, bouquet, chauffeur, coup d'état, phenomenon.

Types of Borrowings:

• mother-tongue: This is an inherited word, not a borrowing in the strict sense of adopting from another language. It refers to the language learned from birth.
• wall newspaper: This is a translation-loan (calque). The concept is borrowed, and the English words are direct translations of the components.
• propaganda: This is a borrowing from Latin ('propagate').
• pioneer: This is a borrowing from French ('pionnier').
• ballet: This is a borrowing from Italian ('balletto') via French.
• bouquet: This is a borrowing from French ('bouquet').
• chauffeur: This is a borrowing from French ('chauffeur'), originally meaning 'stoker'.
• coup d'état: This is a phrase borrowed directly from French, meaning 'stroke of state'.
• phenomenon: This is a borrowing from Greek ('phainomenon') via Latin.