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Решение:

• \( 10 - 4 \frac{3}{7} = 9 \frac{7}{7} - 4 \frac{3}{7} = (9-4) + \frac{7-3}{7} = 5 \frac{4}{7} \)
• \( 3 \frac{1}{8} - 2 = (3-2) + \frac{1}{8} = 1 \frac{1}{8} \)
• \( 21 - 20 \frac{13}{17} = 20 \frac{17}{17} - 20 \frac{13}{17} = \frac{17-13}{17} = \frac{4}{17} \)
• \( 5 \frac{3}{8} - 4 = (5-4) + \frac{3}{8} = 1 \frac{3}{8} \)
• \( 10 \frac{8}{12} - 8 \frac{11}{12} = 9 \frac{20}{12} - 8 \frac{11}{12} = (9-8) + \frac{20-11}{12} = 1 \frac{9}{12} = 1 \frac{3}{4} \)
• \( 5 \frac{7}{10} - 2 \frac{24}{25} = 5 \frac{35}{50} - 2 \frac{48}{50} = 4 \frac{85}{50} - 2 \frac{48}{50} = (4-2) + \frac{85-48}{50} = 2 \frac{37}{50} \)

Ответ: 5 \( \frac{4}{7} \); 1 \( \frac{1}{8} \); \( \frac{4}{17} \); 1 \( \frac{3}{8} \); 1 \( \frac{3}{4} \); 2 \( \frac{37}{50} \).