Unit 3. Design Principles Read the text: Design principles are the rules that help designers create good work. These principles guide how we arrange elements on a page. Understanding these rules is essential for every graphic designer. Balance refers to the distribution of visual weight in a design. There are two types of balance: symmetrical and asymmetrical. Symmetrical balance means both sides of the design look the same. It feels formal and stable. Asymmetrical balance uses different elements that still create a sense of balance. It feels more dynamic and interesting. Contrast happens when elements are very different from each other. You can create contrast with colors (light vs dark), sizes (big vs small), or shapes (round vs square). Contrast helps important elements stand out and makes the design more exciting. Alignment means arranging elements so they line up with each other. Nothing should look randomly placed. Good alignment creates order and makes the design easier to read. Most designers use grids to help with alignment. Proximity is about grouping related items together. When elements are close to each other, we see them as one group. This helps organize information and shows what belongs together. Repetition means using the same elements throughout a design. You might repeat colors, fonts, or shapes. Repetition creates consistency and makes the design feel unified. White space (also called negative space) is the empty area around elements. Many beginners try to fill every space, but white space is important. It gives the design room to breathe and helps focus attention on important elements. Good designers know when to follow these rules and when to break them. But first, you must understand the rules. Vocabulary: balance - баланс symmetrical - симметричный asymmetrical — асимметричный contrast - контраст alignment - выравнивание proximity - близость (расположение) repetition - повторение white space - воздух, пустое пространство Assignments: Answer the questions (Ответьте на вопросы): What is the difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical balance? How can you create contrast in a design? Why is alignment important? What does proximity help us do? Why is white space important? Match the principle with its description (Соедините принцип с его описанием): Balance a. Grouping related items together Contrast b. Using the same elements throughout Alignment c. The distribution of visual weight Proximity d. Making elements line up with each other Repetition e. Using differences to make elements stand out Look at the image (teacher shows a simple design) and identity (Посмотрите на изображение и определите): Find an example of contrast. Find an example of repetition. Is the balance symmetrical or asymmetrical? Find the white space. Fill in the blanks (Заполните пропуски): balance feels formal and stable. helps important elements stand out. creates order and makes the design easier to read. is the empty area around elements. Draw a simple example (teacher describes) and explain which principles you used (Нарисуйте простой пример и объясните, какие принципы вы использовали).