The Italian school has had a lasting influence on the thinking of present-day Выберите один ответ:

The sentence discusses the influence of the 'Italian school' on present-day thinking. The options provided are related to the study of crime and those who commit it.

• a. crime: While the Italian school likely studied crime, the influence would be on the study of crime itself, or the people involved, rather than just 'crime' as a concept in isolation.


• b. criminals: The Italian school, particularly figures like Lombroso, focused heavily on the study of criminals and their characteristics.


• c. criminologies: This refers to the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior. The Italian school is a significant part of the history of criminology, so its influence on the field of criminology is very plausible.


• d. criminologists: While the Italian school influenced criminologists, the broader influence is usually on the field or the subject matter.

The Italian school is a foundational development in the field of criminology. Therefore, its lasting influence is most directly on the study of crime itself, i.e., criminologies.

Ответ: c. criminologies