а) $$\frac{8}{9} \cdot x = \frac{2}{9}$$
$$x = \frac{2}{9} : \frac{8}{9} = \frac{2}{9} \cdot \frac{9}{8} = \frac{2 \cdot 9}{9 \cdot 8} = \frac{1 \cdot 1}{1 \cdot 4} = \frac{1}{4}$$
б) $$x : \frac{7}{15} = \frac{15}{28}$$
$$x = \frac{15}{28} \cdot \frac{7}{15} = \frac{15 \cdot 7}{28 \cdot 15} = \frac{1 \cdot 1}{4 \cdot 1} = \frac{1}{4}$$