а)
\[ 1 \frac{4}{23} \cdot 3 \frac{5}{6} = \frac{27}{23} \cdot \frac{23}{6} = \frac{27}{6} = \frac{9}{2} = 4.5 \]
\[ 3 \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{3}{19} = \frac{19}{6} \cdot \frac{3}{19} = \frac{3}{6} = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5 \]
\[ 7 - 4.5 + 0.5 = 2.5 + 0.5 = 3 \]
\[ 3 : \frac{2}{3} = 3 \cdot \frac{3}{2} = \frac{9}{2} = 4.5 \]
\[ 4.5 - \frac{2}{3} = \frac{9}{2} - \frac{2}{3} = \frac{27 - 4}{6} = \frac{23}{6} \]
б)
\[ \frac{3}{16} \cdot 1 \frac{3}{5} = \frac{3}{16} \cdot \frac{8}{5} = \frac{3 \cdot 8}{16 \cdot 5} = \frac{24}{80} = \frac{3}{10} \]
\[ 7 \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{10} = \frac{15}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{10} = \frac{15}{20} = \frac{3}{4} \]
\[ \frac{3}{4} - \frac{3}{5} = \frac{15 - 12}{20} = \frac{3}{20} \]
\[ \frac{3}{10} : \frac{3}{20} = \frac{3}{10} \cdot \frac{20}{3} = \frac{3 \cdot 20}{10 \cdot 3} = \frac{60}{30} = 2 \]
\[ 3 \frac{1}{2} = \frac{7}{2} \]
\[ 4 \frac{2}{3} = \frac{14}{3} \]
\[ 3 \frac{1}{2} : 4 \frac{2}{3} = \frac{7}{2} : \frac{14}{3} = \frac{7}{2} \cdot \frac{3}{14} = \frac{7 \cdot 3}{2 \cdot 14} = \frac{21}{28} = \frac{3}{4} \]
\[ 2 - \frac{3}{4} = \frac{8 - 3}{4} = \frac{5}{4} \]
Ответ: а) \( \frac{23}{6} \); б) \( \frac{5}{4} \).