Используем основное свойство дроби: \( \frac{a}{b} = \frac{c}{d} \) тогда \( a \times d = b \times c \).
- \( \frac{a}{6} = \frac{8}{48} \). \( a \times 48 = 6 \times 8 \) \( 48a = 48 \) \( a = \frac{48}{48} \) \( a = 1 \).
- \( \frac{7}{a} = \frac{56}{40} \). \( 7 \times 40 = a \times 56 \) \( 280 = 56a \) \( a = \frac{280}{56} \) \( a = 5 \).
- \( \frac{1}{7} = \frac{9}{a} \). \( 1 \times a = 7 \times 9 \) \( a = 63 \).
- \( \frac{27}{63} = \frac{a}{7} \). \( 27 \times 7 = 63 \times a \) \( 189 = 63a \) \( a = \frac{189}{63} \) \( a = 3 \).
Ответ: 1) \( a = 1 \), 2) \( a = 5 \), 3) \( a = 63 \), 4) \( a = 3 \).