1. Упростите выражение:
a) $$6\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{27}-3\sqrt{75}$$;
$$\sqrt{27} = \sqrt{9 \cdot 3} = 3\sqrt{3}$$
$$\sqrt{75} = \sqrt{25 \cdot 3} = 5\sqrt{3}$$
$$6\sqrt{3} + 3\sqrt{3} - 3 \cdot 5\sqrt{3} = 9\sqrt{3} - 15\sqrt{3} = -6\sqrt{3}$$
Ответ: $$-6\sqrt{3}$$
б) $$(\sqrt{50}-2\sqrt{2})\sqrt{2}$$;
$$\sqrt{50} = \sqrt{25 \cdot 2} = 5\sqrt{2}$$
$$(5\sqrt{2} - 2\sqrt{2})\sqrt{2} = 3\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2} = 3 \cdot 2 = 6$$
Ответ: $$6$$
в) $$(2-\sqrt{3})^2$$
$$(2-\sqrt{3})^2 = 2^2 - 2 \cdot 2 \cdot \sqrt{3} + (\sqrt{3})^2 = 4 - 4\sqrt{3} + 3 = 7 - 4\sqrt{3}$$
Ответ: $$7 - 4\sqrt{3}$$
2. Сравните: $$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{12}$$ и $$\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{45}$$.
$$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{12} = \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4 \cdot 3} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 2\sqrt{3} = \sqrt{3}$$
$$\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{45} = \frac{1}{3}\sqrt{9 \cdot 5} = \frac{1}{3} \cdot 3\sqrt{5} = \sqrt{5}$$
Так как $$\sqrt{3} < \sqrt{5}$$, то $$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{12} < \frac{1}{3}\sqrt{45}$$.
Ответ: $$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{12} < \frac{1}{3}\sqrt{45}$$
3. Сократите дробь:
a) $$\frac{\sqrt{3}-3}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{15}}$$;
$$\frac{\sqrt{3}-3}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{15}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}(1-\sqrt{3} \cdot \sqrt{3})}{\sqrt{5}(1-\sqrt{3})} = \frac{\sqrt{3}(1-\sqrt{3})}{\sqrt{5}(1-\sqrt{3})} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{-\sqrt{5}} = -\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}} = -\frac{\sqrt{15}}{5}$$
Ответ: $$-\frac{\sqrt{15}}{5}$$
б) $$\frac{a-2\sqrt{a}}{3\sqrt{a}-6}$$.
$$\frac{a-2\sqrt{a}}{3\sqrt{a}-6} = \frac{\sqrt{a}(\sqrt{a}-2)}{3(\sqrt{a}-2)} = \frac{\sqrt{a}}{3}$$
Ответ: $$\frac{\sqrt{a}}{3}$$
4. Освободитесь от иррациональности в знаменателе:
a) $$\frac{5}{3\sqrt{10}}$$;
$$\frac{5}{3\sqrt{10}} = \frac{5\sqrt{10}}{3\sqrt{10}\sqrt{10}} = \frac{5\sqrt{10}}{3 \cdot 10} = \frac{\sqrt{10}}{6}$$
Ответ: $$\frac{\sqrt{10}}{6}$$
б) $$\frac{8}{\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{2}}$$.
$$\frac{8}{\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{2}} = \frac{8(\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2})}{(\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{2})(\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2})} = \frac{8(\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2})}{6 - 2} = \frac{8(\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2})}{4} = 2(\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}) = 2\sqrt{6} - 2\sqrt{2}$$
Ответ: $$2\sqrt{6} - 2\sqrt{2}$$