1. Упростите выражение:
a) $$6\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{27} - 3\sqrt{75} = 6\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{9\cdot3} - 3\sqrt{25\cdot3} = 6\sqrt{3} + 3\sqrt{3} - 3\cdot5\sqrt{3} = 6\sqrt{3} + 3\sqrt{3} - 15\sqrt{3} = (6 + 3 - 15)\sqrt{3} = -6\sqrt{3}$$
б) $$\frac{\sqrt{50} - 2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{\sqrt{25\cdot2} - 2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{5\sqrt{2} - 2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{3\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}} = 3$$
в) $$(2-\sqrt{3})^2 = (2-\sqrt{3})(2-\sqrt{3}) = 4 - 2\sqrt{3} - 2\sqrt{3} + 3 = 7 - 4\sqrt{3}$$
2. Сравните:
$$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{12} \ \text{и} \ \frac{1}{3}\sqrt{45}$$
$$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{12} = \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4\cdot3} = \frac{1}{2}\cdot2\sqrt{3} = \sqrt{3}$$
$$\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{45} = \frac{1}{3}\sqrt{9\cdot5} = \frac{1}{3}\cdot3\sqrt{5} = \sqrt{5}$$
Так как $$3 < 5$$, то $$\sqrt{3} < \sqrt{5}$$.
Ответ: $$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{12} < \frac{1}{3}\sqrt{45}$$.
3. Сократите дробь:
a) $$\frac{\sqrt{3}-3}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{15}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}(1-\sqrt{3})}{\sqrt{5}(1-\sqrt{3})} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{5}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{5}\cdot\sqrt{5}} = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{5}$$
б) $$\frac{a-2\sqrt{a}}{3\sqrt{a}-6} = \frac{\sqrt{a}(\sqrt{a}-2)}{3(\sqrt{a}-2)} = \frac{\sqrt{a}}{3}$$
4. Освободитесь от иррациональности в знаменателе:
a) $$\frac{5}{3\sqrt{10}} = \frac{5\cdot\sqrt{10}}{3\sqrt{10}\cdot\sqrt{10}} = \frac{5\sqrt{10}}{3\cdot10} = \frac{\sqrt{10}}{6}$$
б) $$\frac{8}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}} = \frac{8(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2})}{(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2})} = \frac{8(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2})}{6-2} = \frac{8(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2})}{4} = 2(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}) = 2\sqrt{6} - 2\sqrt{2}$$