Выполним вычисления по действиям.
Задание 1.
1) $$\frac{14}{5} + \frac{21}{22} = \frac{14 \cdot 22 + 21 \cdot 5}{5 \cdot 22} = \frac{308 + 105}{110} = \frac{413}{110} = 3 \frac{83}{110}$$
2) $$\frac{3}{4} - \frac{16}{27} = \frac{3 \cdot 27 - 16 \cdot 4}{4 \cdot 27} = \frac{81 - 64}{108} = \frac{17}{108}$$
3) $$\frac{1}{14} + \frac{5}{8} = \frac{1 \cdot 8 + 5 \cdot 14}{14 \cdot 8} = \frac{8 + 70}{112} = \frac{78}{112} = \frac{39}{56}$$;
$$\frac{39}{56} \cdot \frac{56}{13} = \frac{39 \cdot 56}{56 \cdot 13} = \frac{39}{13} = 3$$
4) $$\frac{3}{5} - \frac{2}{7} = \frac{3 \cdot 7 - 2 \cdot 5}{5 \cdot 7} = \frac{21 - 10}{35} = \frac{11}{35}$$;
$$\frac{11}{35} : \frac{11}{7} = \frac{11}{35} \cdot \frac{7}{11} = \frac{11 \cdot 7}{35 \cdot 11} = \frac{7}{35} = \frac{1}{5}$$
5) $$2 \frac{1}{2} + \frac{7}{12} = \frac{5}{2} + \frac{7}{12} = \frac{5 \cdot 6 + 7}{12} = \frac{30 + 7}{12} = \frac{37}{12}$$;
$$\frac{37}{12} : 3 \frac{2}{3} = \frac{37}{12} : \frac{11}{3} = \frac{37}{12} \cdot \frac{3}{11} = \frac{37 \cdot 3}{12 \cdot 11} = \frac{37}{4 \cdot 11} = \frac{37}{44}$$
6) $$5 \frac{5}{7} : \frac{3}{7} = \frac{40}{7} : \frac{3}{7} = \frac{40}{7} \cdot \frac{7}{3} = \frac{40 \cdot 7}{7 \cdot 3} = \frac{40}{3} = 13 \frac{1}{3}$$
7) $$17 \frac{9}{17} + \frac{1}{34} = \frac{298}{17} + \frac{1}{34} = \frac{298 \cdot 2 + 1}{34} = \frac{596 + 1}{34} = \frac{597}{34}$$;
$$\frac{597}{34} \cdot 17 = \frac{597 \cdot 17}{34} = \frac{597}{2} = 298 \frac{1}{2}$$
8) $$7 \frac{3}{7} - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{52}{7} - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{52 \cdot 2 - 1 \cdot 7}{7 \cdot 2} = \frac{104 - 7}{14} = \frac{97}{14}$$;
$$5 : \frac{97}{14} = 5 \cdot \frac{14}{97} = \frac{5 \cdot 14}{97} = \frac{70}{97}$$